中国含油气盆地沉积研究主要科学问题与发展分析     

朱筱敏  董艳蕾  刘成林  叶蕾  张美洲 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):1-11

沉积相研究发展与人类的生存和矿产资源勘探开发密切相关。该文在简单回顾了近200年的沉积学发展历史的基础上,分析了国际和中国沉积学关注的学科热点问题。国际沉积学会重点关注的问题主要包括国际大洋钻探计划、深-时气候变化与全球海平面变化、源-汇系统、碳酸盐岩沉积环境、混合沉积、微生物岩、陆架边缘三角洲、重力流、细粒沉积、构造-沉积学、火山沉积学和地震沉积学。中国的沉积学家的研究则主要着眼于陆相沉积、陆相盆地沉积模型、南海沉积、不同类型盆地沉积过程差异、浅水三角洲与陆架边缘三角洲、不同尺度与不同地质年代源-汇系统、中国南部小型克拉通盆地内的碳酸盐岩沉积等问题。总体上,当前研究热点主要包括:(1)陆相沉积环境;(2)滨岸与浅水沉积;(3)深水沉积与事件沉积;(4)碳酸盐岩沉积;(5)沉积过程与新方法。开展多类型盆地沉积动力学研究、创建具有中国区域特色的陆相沉积学理论体系、多学科交叉渗透、开展综合定量沉积学研究、创新沉积学研究方法和高效油气勘探开发是未来中国沉积研究的主要发展态势,沉积学这一重要的地质学分支学科将会更有效地指导油气资源勘探和开发。  相似文献   

湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索耐久性与改善措施研究          下载免费PDF全文

郭红东  白杨  畅才源 《甘肃地质》2021,(2):59-65

随着预应力锚索在湿陷性黄土边坡加固工程中的广泛应用,其耐久性问题就变得日益突出,湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索出现了较多因预应力损失而引起的失效事故。基于湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索运行现状进行研究,研究表明:黄土腐蚀性对边坡预应力锚索耐久性影响微弱,黄土湿陷性和地质条件变化对边坡预应力锚索耐久性影响显著;通过采用加强排水措施、提升浅部注浆工艺和注重运行维护等措施可以改善湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索耐久性;改善后的预应力锚索在监测期内处于平稳波动的服役状态,运行效果良好。本研究以期为湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索的设计、施工和运行维护等提供借鉴。  相似文献   

我国深海矿产研究:进展与发现(2011—2020)     

石学法  符亚洲  李兵  黄牧  任向文  刘季花  于淼  李传顺 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021,40(2):305-318

深海矿产是地球上尚未被人类充分认识和利用的最大潜在战略矿产资源,近十年我国在该领域的研究取得了重要进展。在太平洋国际海底区域申请到2块多金属结核勘探区、1块富钴结壳勘探区,在西南印度洋中脊申请到1块多金属硫化物勘探区。研究阐明了我国多金属结核和富钴结壳勘探区小尺度成矿规律,揭示了其成矿作用过程及古海洋古气候记录,探讨了关键金属元素富集机制。在西南印度洋、西北印度洋和南大西洋中脊发现了多处热液区,阐述了其成矿作用及控制因素,建立了超慢速扩洋中脊热液循环模型,探讨了拆离断层型热液成矿系统的成矿机制。在太平洋和印度洋划分了4个深海稀土成矿带,在中印度洋海盆、东南太平洋和西太平洋深海盆地发现了大面积富稀土沉积区,初步揭示了深海稀土的富集特征、分布规律、赋存状态和成矿机理。今后在继续加大深海矿产资源调查研究的同时,应聚焦深海关键金属成矿作用研究。  相似文献   

THE IMPACT OF MOUNTAIN TO BASIN WINDS ON THE DIURNAL VARIATION IN FOG OVER THE SICHUAN BASIN, CHINA     

张福颖  刘海文  朱玉祥  赵亮  段伯隆  傅宁 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):257-268

There is an increased demand for the accurate prediction of fog events in the Sichuan Basin (SCB) using numerical methods. A dense fog event that occurred over the SCB on 22 December 2016 was investigated. The results show that this dense fog event was influenced by the southwest of a low pressure with a weak horizontal pressure gradient and high relative humidity. This fog event showed typical diurnal variations. The fog began to form at 1800 UTC on 21 December 2016 (0200 local standard time on 22 December 2016) and dissipated at 0600 UTC on 22 December 2016 (1400 local standard time on 22 December 2016). The Weather Research and Forecasting model was able to partially reproduce the main features of this fog event and the diurnal variation in the local mountain to basin winds. The simulated horizontal visibility and liquid water content were used to characterize the fog. The mountain to basin winds had an important role in the diurnal variation of the fog event. The positive feedback mechanism between the fog and mountain to basin winds was good for the formation and maintain of the fog during the night. During the day, the mountain to basin wind displayed a transition from downslope flows to upslope flows. Water vapor evaporated easily from the warm, strong upslope winds, which resulted in the dissipation of fog during the day. The topography surrounding the SCB favored the lifting and condensation of air parcels in the lower troposphere as a result of the low height of the lifting condensation level.  相似文献   

中国喀斯特天坑研究起源、进展与展望   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

税伟  陈毅萍  王雅文  苏正安  张素 《地理学报》2015,70(3)

喀斯特天坑是20世纪末首先在中国南方峰丛和峰林喀斯特地区中发现的一种特殊且宏大的地表负地形,由于具有独特的科学价值和旅游价值,自被发现以来便引起了国内外地貌学者和地质学者的高度关注。对于喀斯特天坑(tiankeng)能否显著区别于其它普通漏斗,而成为一种独立的喀斯特地貌类型,国内外学者已从形态学、成因学、演化发生学等方面进行了深入探究,但仍未取得完全共识。国内外学者在其分类、形成与演化机制、发育条件、地质年代判定、岩溶生态环境等一系列问题上,也进行了较深入的探讨与激烈的争论。同时,对于喀斯特天坑价值的讨论以及开发与保护方面的研究也正引起国内外学者越来越多的关注。为此,论文围绕中国喀斯特天坑的研究阶段、研究进展、价值和开发与保护等主要议题进行了系统性的梳理与评述,进而提出中国喀斯特天坑当前研究中存在的问题和未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

激光拉曼光谱法在单个流体包裹体研究中的应用进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

何佳乐  潘忠习  冉敬 《岩矿测试》2015,34(4):383-391

激光拉曼光谱法以其非破坏性、高灵敏度和高分辨率等特性,一直以来都是研究流体包裹体的重要方法之一。近年来,围绕激光拉曼光谱在流体包裹体中的应用而展开的研究主要集中在半定量-定量测试方面,即在准确定性的基础上,采用高斯-洛仑兹去卷积分峰、低温原位等定量方法获取流体包裹体的成分和含量,从而克服了激光拉曼光谱法应用于溶液中阳离子的定量分析的灵敏度、准确度较低的问题,不仅能获得流体包裹体中一些常温下不具拉曼活性的盐类物质拉曼特征峰信息,还能根据特征峰与浓度、内压之间的线性关系,进一步对盐度和压力等性质进行测定,从而拓展了激光拉曼光谱法在流体包裹体中的应用范围。本文对激光拉曼光谱法应用于分析流体包裹体成分、盐度、同位素和压力所取得的最新进展进行了评述,并认为随着分析测试技术的不断进步,激光拉曼光谱法未来的分析方向也将继续围绕多元复杂体系及其定量方面的研究展开。  相似文献   

An Evaluation of Temperature and Precipitation Surface-Based and Reanalysis Datasets for the Canadian Arctic, 1950–2010     

Maja Rapaić  Marko Markovic  Diane Chaumont 《大气与海洋》2015,53(3):283-303

The spatial and temporal consistency of seasonal air temperature and precipitation in eight widely used gridded observation-based climate datasets (CANGRD, CRU-TS3.1, CRUTEM4.1, GISTEMP, GPCC, GPCP, HadCRUT3, and UDEL) and eight reanalyses (20CR, CFSR, ERA-40, ERA-Interim, JRA25, MERRA, NARR, and NCEP2) was evaluated over the Canadian Arctic for the 1950–2010 period. The evaluation used the CANGRD dataset, which is based on homogenized temperature and adjusted precipitation from climate stations, as a reference. Dataset agreement and bias were observed to exhibit important spatial, seasonal, and temporal variability over the Canadian Arctic with the largest spread occurring between datasets over mountain and coastal regions and over the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Reanalysis datasets were typically warmer and wetter than surface observation-based datasets, with CFSR and 20CR exhibiting biases in total annual precipitation on the order of 300?mm. Warm bias in 20CR exceeded 12°C in winter over the western Arctic. Analysis of the temporal consistency of datasets over the 1950–2010 period showed evidence of discontinuities in several datasets as well as a noticeable increase in dataset spread in the period after approximately 2000. Declining station networks, increased automation, and the inclusion of new satellite data streams in reanalyses are potential contributing factors to this phenomenon. Evaluation of trends over the 1950–2010 period showed a relatively consistent picture of warming and increased precipitation over the Canadian Arctic from all datasets, with CANGRD giving moistening trends two times larger than the multi-dataset average related to the adjustment of the station precipitation data. The study results indicate that considerable care is needed when using gridded climate datasets in local or regional scale applications in the Canadian Arctic.  相似文献   

Scientists’ framing of the ocean science–policy interface     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Scientists’ ideas, beliefs, and discourses form the frames that shape their choices about which research to pursue, their approaches to collaboration and communicating results, and how they evaluate research outputs and outcomes. To achieve ocean sustainability, there are increasing calls for new levels of engagement and collaboration between scientists and policy-makers; scientists’ willingness to engage depends on their current and evolving frames. Here, I present results about how scientists involved in diverse fields of ocean research perceived their role as scientists working at or near the ocean science–policy interface and how this related to their perceptions regarding ocean research priorities. The survey of 2187 physical, ecological and social scientists from 94 countries showed that scientists held different perspectives about their appropriate level of engagement at the ocean science–policy interface and the relative primacy of science versus politics in formulating ocean policy. Six clusters of scientists varied in their frames; three clusters accounted for 94% of the sample. Of 67 research questions identified from 22 research prioritization and horizon scanning exercises, the top eight were shared among all three clusters, showing consistency in research priorities across scientists with different framings of their role at the science–policy interface. Five focused on the mechanisms and effects of global change on oceans, two focused on data collection and management for long-term ocean monitoring, and one focused on the links between biodiversity and ecological function at different scales. The results from this survey demonstrated that scientists’ framings of the role of ocean science at the science–policy interface can be quantified in surveys, that framing varies among scientists, and that research priorities vary according to the framings.  相似文献   

Personal experience with climate change predicts intentions to act     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

The public's willingness to engage in mitigation actions has not received as much attention as the level of belief in Global Warming (GW), especially on the international stage. Research in Western nations indicates that people systematically misunderstand GW and the actions required for mitigation. Important factors that influence judgments about mitigation actions include personal experiences, beliefs, knowledge, values, and worldviews. We present results of an international survey (25 samples from 24 countries) measuring general intentions to act and willingness to engage in specific actions. Our analysis reveals that endorsement of specific actions is (a) lower than general endorsement of mitigation, (b) accompanied by higher intra-individual variance, and (c) more strongly related to personal experiences with GW. This pattern can be attributed to the compatibility between the proximal construal of specific actions and the nature of the personal experience. Lastly we provide recommendations on how these findings can be used to encourage mitigation action.  相似文献   

农作物长势遥感监测业务化应用与研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈怀亮  李颖  张红卫 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(1):95-102

农作物长势监测可为田间管理提供及时的决策支持信息和早期估产提供依据。为了更好地研究作物生长过程中不同遥感监测作物长势方法的适用性,从多光谱遥感数据、高光谱遥感数据和微波遥感数据的应用及遥感监测指标与模型模拟方面综述了国内外农作物长势遥感监测研究及业务化应用的最新进展,指出了未来拟重点加强的研究任务,包括高时空分辨率和高光谱分辨率遥感数据的业务化技术、多遥感反演参数协同监测作物长势技术研发、基于遥感信息与作物过程模型的集合预报技术研究、全球尺度作物长势监测业务运行系统研发。  相似文献